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Published on: Jul 30, 2026

All in 1 Digital Signature Certificate Guide in India

A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a cryptographically secure key issued by certifying authorities (CAs) to validate and verify the identity of the person who holds this certificate. DSCs are predominantly issued and utilized when businesses need to digitally sign documents online, securely authenticate the Signature, and validate the signed copy. The present article briefs Digital Signature Certificate in India.

Difference between a Digital Signature and Digital Signature Certificate

Digital signatures and digital certificates are security measures when signing electronic documentation.

Digital Signature

The Digital Signature is a method of confirming the authenticity of a transaction, document, or message. It guarantees that the sender generates the message/document and is not modified by the external party.

Digital Signature Certificate

Digital Signature Certificate functions similarly to identification cards issued by recognized (government) authorities. The certificate provides the following security benefits:
  • Details of Certifying Authority  
  • Name & other information of the subscriber
  • Subscriber's public key
  • DSC validity period

Benefits of a Digital Signature Certificate

Benefits of Digital Signature Benefits of Digital Signature
  • Authentication: A digital Signatures Certificate also helps create the document's authenticity, which can use in court as a shred of evidence.
  • High Security- A DSC reduces the chances of fraud and alteration of the document/message. This certificate makes sure that the Signature is verified.
  • Cost-effective: A digital signature certificate reduces the cost required to complete a transaction because the DSC holder is not required to be present in person to carry out or authorize a business transaction.
  • Time- Effective: As DSC is in the virtual format, the documents can sign with one click; it saves time and is quicker and cheaper.
  • Easy Verification: The DSC holder can present the DSC to government agencies to facilitate quick verification of the business transaction if needed.

Use of DSC in Digitally signing a document

Digitally signing a document places the encrypted with the document. As mentioned above, A digital signature certificate is embedded in electronic documents, emails, and other digitally transmitted documents. These signatures provide and enhance security using encryption technology. Sensitive information such as the signature is encrypted, after verification; the sensitive information is decrypted and made available. Both Digital and electronic signatures are created online and are used to sign the documents.

Importance of DSC for Compliances

  • Individuals and entities must get their accounts audited and file their income tax returns compulsorily using a DSC. 
  • The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has a mandate for companies to file all reports, applications, and forms using a DSC.
  • A company can only get GST registration by verifying the application through a digital signature. 
  • DSC is necessary even for filing all Governmnet applications, amendments, and other related forms.

Format of Digital Signature

There are two formats of Digital Signature certificates.
  • PFX File
  • USB Token

PFX File

PFX File is a Digital Signature Certificate that is in a file format (.pfx  format). This type of signature can be easily circulated through e-mail, which makes it easier for users. However, there is a risk of misuse if not handled properly.

USB Token

A Digital Signature certificate in a USB Token looks similar to a pen drive, which is attached to the PC for using a digital signature. The main advantage of it is that it safeguards DSC from misuse which is more likely in a pfx file.

Type of Digital Signature Certificates

Sign DSC

This type of DSC can be used for signing documents. The most popular usage of this type of DSC is signing the PDF file for filing on Government websites. Signing via DSC gives the assurance of the integrity of the signer and the data. It is proof of unhampered and unaltered data.

Encrypt DSC

Encrypt DSC can only use to encrypt a document. It is mostly used in the tender portal to help the organization to encrypt documents. Encrypt DSC is useful for documents that are highly confidential and contains information that needs to be protected.

Sign & Encrypt DSC

Sign & Encrypt DSC can use for both signing and encrypting. A signature certificate is used to sign a document, while an encryption certificate is used to encrypt the data. It is suitable for users who need to authenticate and maintain the confidentiality of the information shared.

Classes of Digital Signature Certificates

Certifying authorities issue three different types of DSCs. Depending on their purpose and requirements, applicants can choose from three types of digital signature certificates.

Class 1 DSC

Class 1 Digital signatures are used to verify an email address's association with a person. It is not used for validating any documents and therefore holds no legal validity in the signing of documents.

Class 2 DSC

Class 2 Digital signatures are used to verify a person's identity against a pre-verified database. This type of Digital Signature is issued to a person as a USB token and is used for company registration, LLP registration, IT return filing, MCA returns filing, and IE code registration and for filing documents with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the Income Tax Department.  On 26-November-2020, The Controller of Certifying Authorities, India (CCA) issued guidelines to the Certifying Authorities (CA) stating that only class-3 Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) will be issued from 01-January-2021. Certifying Authorities (CA) is not issuing class 2 DSC (fresh and renewal) from 01-01-2021.  However, the existing class-2 DSC will remain valid till its expiry.

Class 3 DSC

Class 3 Digital signatures are the most secure form of Digital Signature certificates used to establish the identity of the signee in e-commerce and e-tendering. For instance, many online e-tenders require auction participants to participate in the bidding using a Class 3 Digital Signature to establish their acceptance of the bid electronically. Class 3 DSC can also be used for trademark registration. Class 3 Digital Signatures are issued after the Registering Authority verifies the identity of the applicant in in-person. Class 3 Digital Signature can be used for the following purposes:
  • MCA e-filing
  • Income Tax e-filing
  • e-Tendering
  • LLP registration
  • GST application
  • IE code registration
  • Form 16
  • Patent and trademark e-filing
  • Customs e-filing
  • e-Procurement
  • e-Biding
  • e-Auction and more

Components of a Digital Signature Certificate

  • Public Key - This is required as part of a verification system.
  • Name and Email Address - This is required for contact information purposes and ease of identification.
  • Name of the Company - This section identifies the company that owns the Signature.
  • Serial Number of the Digital ID - This part is a unique number bundled with the Signature for tracking ad extra identification reasons.
  • Digital Signature of the Certification Authority - This is a signature of the DSC's issuing authority.

Validity of Digital Signatures

DSCs are generally valid for one or two years; however, this certificate is renewable. Submit the request for renewal of DSC not less than 45 days before the expiry of the validity period for the DSC.

Prescribed Authority to Issue the DSC

To get the Digital Signature Certificate, the applicant needs to apply to the Certifying Authority for the issuance of DSC. The Office of the Controller of Certification Agencies appoints the Certification Authorities under the Information Technology Act, 2000. Consequently, CCA has given authority to 8 Certification Agencies to issue DSCs to persons seeking the same. The list of these Certification Authorities is as follows:
  • National Informatics Centre (NIC) 
  • IDRBT Certifying Authority 
  • SafeScrypt CA Services
  • SIFY Communications Ltd
  • (n) Code Solutions CA 
  • E-MUDHRA
  • CDAC 
  • NSDL
  • Capricorn
  • PantasignIDSIGN
  • Versys
  • XtraTrust

Procedure for obtaining Digital Signature

A digital signature can get from Certifying Authority by submitting a signed DSC application with gazette copies of documents. Click here to get the Documents required for obtaining the DSC To purchase a Class 3 Digital Signature with ePass Token, visit IndiaFilings.com

Class 3 Digital Signature with ePass Token 

For security reasons, the Digital Signature Certificate is stored on a hardware device, a Cryptographic USB Token known as ePass. IndiaFilings can help you get a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate with an ePass Token with a validity of 2 years and a secure USB token.  Applicants do not need to submit the documents manually or through a courier. All the Digital Signatures are provided with a FIPS-compliant ePass USB token to protect the Signature until the end of validity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH-Ipc89cJk

How to use a Class 3 Digital Signature with ePass Token?

The Digital Signature Certificate will issue in the E-pass token; you can use the DSC to sign the documents digitally:
  • Step 1: Attach the USB E-Pass token to the USB Portal
  • Step 2: A popup will appear asking for a password; enter the password, Click on approves, and uses the DSC.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about Digital Signature Certificate in India: Secure Your Transactions.

A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a cryptographically secure key issued by certifying authorities to validate and verify the identity of the person holding the certificate. It is predominantly used for digitally signing documents online, securely authenticating the signature, and validating the signed copy.
A digital signature is a method of confirming the authenticity of a transaction, document, or message, ensuring that the sender generated it and it was not modified by an external party. On the other hand, a digital signature certificate functions like an identification card issued by recognized authorities, providing details about the certifying authority, the subscriber's name and information, their public key, and the certificate's validity period.
Some benefits of using a DSC include authentication (providing legal evidence of authenticity), high security (reducing fraud and document alteration risks), cost-effectiveness (no need for physical presence), time-effectiveness (instant digital signing), and easy verification for government agencies.
The two common formats of Digital Signature Certificates are PFX File (a file format that can be circulated via email) and USB Token (a pen drive-like device attached to the computer for added security).
The three main types of Digital Signature Certificates based on their purpose are Sign DSC (for signing documents), Encrypt DSC (for encrypting documents), and Sign & Encrypt DSC (for both signing and encrypting documents).
The three classes of Digital Signature Certificates are Class 1 (for verifying an email address association, no legal validity), Class 2 (for verifying a person's identity against a pre-verified database, used for various filings), and Class 3 (the most secure form used for e-commerce, e-tendering, and various registrations).
The key components of a Digital Signature Certificate include the public key, the name and email address of the holder, the name of the company, the serial number of the digital ID, and the digital signature of the certifying authority.
Digital Signature Certificates are generally valid for one or two years, but they are renewable. It is recommended to submit the renewal request at least 45 days before the expiry of the current certificate's validity period.
The Office of the Controller of Certification Agencies under the Information Technology Act, 2000, has appointed eight Certifying Authorities to issue Digital Signature Certificates in India. These include NIC, IDRBT, SafeScrypt CA Services, SIFY Communications Ltd, (n) Code Solutions CA, E-MUDHRA, CDAC, and NSDL, among others.
To obtain a Digital Signature Certificate, an applicant needs to apply to one of the authorized Certifying Authorities by submitting a signed DSC application along with the required gazette copies of documents. Platforms like IndiaFilings.com offer convenient online services to purchase and obtain Class 3 Digital Signature Certificates with ePass Tokens.